山西2023年高考英語試題及答案

　　2023年高考英語考試全國乙卷已經出爐了，相信大家已經期待已久了!下面是由祝福網編輯為大家整理的“山西2023年高考英語試題及答案”，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀本文。

　　2023年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試(全國乙卷)

　　英語

　　注意事項：

　　1. 答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

　　2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

　　3. 考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

　　第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)

　　做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。

　　第一節(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

　　聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

　　例：How much is the shirt?

　　A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.

　　答案是C。

　　1. What does the man want to do?

　　A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.

　　2. What was George doing last night?

　　A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.

　　3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?

　　A. It’s big. B. It’s quiet. C. It’s new.

　　4. How does the woman sound?

　　A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.

　　5

　　Where is the man’s table?

　　A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner.

　　第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

　　聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

　　聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

　　6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?

　　A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.

　　7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

　　A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife.

　　聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

　　8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?

　　A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. It’s easy to hire people.

　　9. How will they handle the moving?

　　A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one department at a time.

　　聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

　　10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?

　　A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run a museum.

　　11. What did Peter do in Chicago?

　　A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a gallery.

　　12. Whose works did Peter like best?

　　A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’.

　　聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

　　13. Where does the conversation take place?

　　A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train.

　　14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?

　　A. March. B. August. C. October.

　　15. Why did John quit his part-time job?

　　A. He had to catch up with his study. B. He was offered a better one. C. He got tired of it.

　　16. What is Susan’s attitude to John’s problem?

　　A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving.

　　聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

　　17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012?

　　A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.

　　18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?

　　A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place.

　　19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?

　　A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana.

　　20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

　　A. His plan to go for the gold.

　　B. His experience on the track.

　　C. His love for his home country.

　　第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分40分)

　　第一節(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

　　A

　　Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)

　　The Exhibition

　　This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.

　　Lecture Series

　　Scottish National Portrait (肖像畫) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.

　　Exhibition Times

　　Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45

　　Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.

　　Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.

　　Admission

　　£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

　　Schools and Colleges

　　A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.

　　1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?

　　A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.

　　2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?

　　A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.

　　3. How can full-time students get group discounts?

　　A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.

　　C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.

　　【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C

　　【解析】

　　【導語】這是一篇應用文。主要介紹了為紀念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進行的展覽的相關情況。

　　【1題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故選B項。

　　【2題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費入場。)”可知，一對夫婦應付4+4=8英鎊，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B項。

　　【3題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據最后一段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的學生，高至并包括那些學士學位水平的學生，在有教師的組織團體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費。)”可知，全日制學生在有教師的組織團體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領。故選C項。

　B

　　In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.

　　Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.

　　They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.

　　In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.

　　Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (堅忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”

　　4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?

　　A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.

　　C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.

　　5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?

　　A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.

　　C.They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.

　　6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?

　　A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.

　　C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.

　　7. What is the text?

　　A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.

　　【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B

　　【解析】

　　【導語】這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了Dorothy Wickenden的書籍并對其進行了評價。

　　【4題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——來到落基山脈的一個定居點，在一間只有一個房間的學校教書。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學校里教書。故選A項。

　　【5題詳解】

　　推理判斷題。根據第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他們和一個當地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬進去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項。

　　【6題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設有關，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風雪中鉆穿落基山脈。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項。

　　【7題詳解】

　　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內容，并對其進行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。

　　C

　　Can a small group of drones(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎設施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

　　Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.

　　That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

　　By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

　　8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

　　A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

　　C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

　　9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.

　　C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.

　　10. What function is expected of the rail drones?

　　ATo provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.

　　C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.

　　11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

　　A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

　　B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

　　C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

　　D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

　　【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D

　　【解析】

　　【導語】本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”的技術，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節省數十億歐元。

　　【8題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(無人機已經被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置)”可知使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。

　　【9題詳解】

　　詞義猜測題。根據后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據統計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅節省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項：Inspection and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。

　　【10題詳解】

　　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程師們現在正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運行，并被設定為自動運行)”可知鐵路無人機有望讓火車自動運行。故選B。

　　【11題詳解】

　　主旨大意題。根據文章主題段第一段“Can a small group of drones(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎設施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節省數十億歐元?這很可能是應用今天的“空中之眼”技術的未來，以確保全球數百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎設施全天候安全運行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全;第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標題。故選D。

　　D

　　The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.

　　First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

　　Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

　　It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

　　However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

　　Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(設施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.

　　12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?

　　A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.

　　C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.

　　13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

　　A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.

　　C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.

　　14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

　　A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.

　　15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

　　A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.

　　C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.

　　【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B

　　【解析】

　　【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學校體育。

　　【12題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .(該稅于2023年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項。

　　【13題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已經降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。)”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項。

　　【14題詳解】

　　細節理解題。根據第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如經典可口可樂，已經接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。)”可知，糖稅主要來自經典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。

　　【15題詳解】

　　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根據一位政府官員的說法，今天的數據顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學校的體育設施和健康飲食籌集了數百萬英鎊)”可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B項。

　　第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)

　　根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.

　　·Set a regular date

　　Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (聯系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.

　　·More isn’t always merrier

　　Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

　　·Practise empathy (共情)

　　___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

　　· ___19___

　　Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

　　·Don’t rely on technology alone

　　___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

　　A. Remember important dates

　　B. Compensate by writing letters

　　C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper

　　D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

　　E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication

　　F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

　　G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

　　【答案】16

　　D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F

　　【解析】

　　【導語】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。

　　【16題詳解】

　　上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”(平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。)講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D項“盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去” 給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合題意。故選D項。

　　【17題詳解】

　　上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”(確保你已經與你的朋友溝通過，了解你們彼此希望聯系的次數，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。)提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項“可以通過寫信補償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”(除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發語音或者組建群聊。)補充了發語音等其他溝通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼應了B項的“writing letters”。故選B項。

　　【18題詳解】

　　下文“The friend who is remaining”(留下來的朋友)和“The one in the new environment”(在新環境中的那個)提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G項“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分別對應下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G項符合題意。故選G項。

　　【19題詳解】

　　分析文章結構可知，設空處的內容是維系異地友誼的第四個方法，是第五段的小標題。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”(周年紀念日和生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。)講的是諸如周年紀念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應的維系異地友誼的方法是A項“記得重要的日子”，所以A項符合題意。故選A項。

　　【20題詳解】

　　設空處所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”(但是異地友誼——甚至是關系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去維系。)講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設空處形成轉折，而F項“朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產生一種聯結感”講的是可以通過社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產生聯結，與后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成轉折，而且其中的“social media”呼應了該段的小標題“Don’t rely on technology alone”(不要僅僅依賴技術)中的“technology”。故選F項。

　　語言知識運用(共兩節，滿分45分)

　　第一節(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)

　　閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

　　Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.

　　However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .

　　For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology ___26___ that idea.

　　We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.

　　A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.

　　21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing

　　22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick

　　23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced

　　24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted

　　25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired

　　26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested

　　27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor

　　28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears

　　29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool

　　30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident

　　31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once

　　32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave

　　33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions

　　34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored

　　35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly

　　36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity

　　37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose

　　38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up

　　39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings

　　40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective

　　【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D

　　【解析】

　　【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要通過實驗證明孩子們捉迷藏時，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結果，而是孩子們堅持相互承認和尊重。

　　【21題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對他們來說，避開別人的目光，讓自己無法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A. following跟隨;B. taking取走;C. escaping避開;D. directing指導。根據上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項。

　　【22題詳解】

　　考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A. clever聰明的;B. bad不擅長的;C. scared害怕的;D. quick快的。根據下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，兒童不擅長隱藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅長某事”。故選B項。

　　【23題詳解】

　　考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A. exposed無遮蔽的;B. examined已檢查過的;C. untouched未受影響的;D. imbalanced失衡的。根據上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項。

　　【24題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：長期以來，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據。A. supported支持;B. guaranteed保證;C. imagined想象;D. interpreted解釋。根據下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項。

　　【25題詳解】

　　考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發展心理學方面令人驚訝的研究結果與這一觀點相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的;B. mixed混合的;C. surprising令人驚訝的;D. desired渴望的。根據下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究結果與之前的觀點相矛盾，所以研究結果是令人驚訝的。故選C項。

　　【26題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發展心理學方面令人驚訝的研究結果與這一觀點相矛盾。A. explained解釋;B. confirmed證實;C. contradicted相矛盾;D. tested測試。根據下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究結果與之前的觀點是相矛盾的。故選C項。

　　【27題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母親;B. child兒童;C. researcher研究員;D. doctor醫生。根據上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，兒童參加實驗，此處表示每個兒童和一個成年人坐在一起。故選B項。

　　【28題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet腳;B. nose鼻子;C. hands手;D. ears耳朵。根據下文“or hear the adult”可知，實驗中，兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項。

　　【29題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A. see看見;B. help幫助;C. reach到達;D. fool欺騙。根據上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。故選A項。

　　【30題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. event大事;B. thing事情;C. action行動;D. accident事故。根據下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說話了。故選B項。

　　【31題詳解】

　　考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. Yet然而;B. Now此刻;C. Soon很快;D. Once一次。根據語境，此處表示當成年人捂住自己的嘴時，這時孩子們說不能和成年人說話了。故選B項。

　　【32題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. speak說;B. listen聽;C. turn轉;D. wave揮手。根據上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說話了。故選A項。

　　【33題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實驗排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問到的問題。A. instructions命令;B. descriptions說明;C. experiments實驗;D. assumptions假設。根據語境，此處表示上文中的許多實驗排除了孩子們會誤解問題這一情況。故選C項。

　　【34題詳解】

　　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：結果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A. comprehended理解;B. predicted預測;C. explored探索;D. ignored忽略。根據下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，兒童理解了問題，并能確切地知道自己被問了什么。故選A項。

　　【35題詳解】

　　考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A. partly部分地;B. honestly誠實地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. exactly確切地。根據下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子們確切地知道自己被問了什么，他們的答案反映了他們真實的看法。故選D項。

　　【36題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對這些問題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答;B. approaches方法;C. contribution貢獻;D. sensitivity敏感性。根據下文“to the questions”可知，此處表示孩子們對于問題的回答。故選A項。

　　【37題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對這些問題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力;B. belief看法;C. identity身份;D. purpose目的。根據下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此處表示孩子們真正的看法。故選B項。

　　【38題詳解】

　　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們只是堅持相互承認和尊重。A. hold back阻止;B. relate to有關聯;C. insist on堅持;D. make up彌補。根據上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子們的看法體現了他們堅持相互的承認和尊重。故選C項。

　　【39題詳解】

　　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的研究結果表明，當孩子在頭上蓋一條毯子“隱藏”時，這并不是自我中心主義的結果。A. limitations限制;B. requirements必要條件;C. theories理論;D. findings調查發現。根據上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此處表示實驗的研究結果表明孩子的“隱藏”并不是自我中心主義的結果。故選D項。

　　【40題詳解】

　　考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，當其他人使用這種方法時，孩子們認為它是有效的。A. tentative實驗性的;B. impressive令人印象深刻的;C. creative創造性的;D. effective有效的。根據上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子們堅持相互承認和尊重，所以當其他人使用這種方法時，孩子會認為它是有效的。故選D項。

　　第二節(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

　　閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

　　May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.

　　The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.

　　The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (發布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.

　　___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

　　The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.

　　【答案】41. by 42. the

　　43. addressed

　　44. largest

　　45. responsibility

　　46. shared 47. and

　　48. To strengthen

　　49. inviting

　　50. its

　　【解析】

　　【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個國際茶日，中國商會博物館所舉辦的一系列活動。

　　【41題詳解】

　　考查介詞。句意：2023年11月27日，聯合國正式將5月21日定為第一個國際茶日。根據句意可知，此處表達“被聯合國在5月21日命名”。表示被動，使用固定結構“be+過去分詞+by”。故填by。

　　【42題詳解】

　　考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了慶祝這一節日，周四在北京的中國商人博物館舉行了一系列活動。特指International Tea Day這一節日，所以用定冠詞the。故填the。

　　【43題詳解】

　　考查時態。句意：中國文化促進會會長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。故填addressed。

　　【44題詳解】

　　考查形容詞最高級。句意：中國是茶的發源地和最大產茶國，作為國際茶日的主要推動者，中國有責任與其他國家共同促進茶產業的健康發展。根據定冠詞the和常識可知，中國是最大產茶國，所以用形容詞的最高級形式。故填largest。

　　【45題詳解】

　　考查名詞。句意：中國是茶的發源地和最大產茶國，作為國際茶日的主要推動者，中國有責任與其他國家共同促進茶產業的健康發展。不定冠詞a后接可數名詞的單數形式。故填responsibility。

　　【46題詳解】

　　考查非謂語動詞。句意：這有助于構建人類命運共同體。此處為非謂語動詞做定語來修飾名詞future。非謂語動詞share和名詞future之間為被動關系，所以用過去分詞作定語。故填shared。

　　【47題詳解】

　　考查連詞。句意：儀式上發布的“首個國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業人士團結起來，促進國際合作和文化交流。名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分，作動詞promote的賓語。故填and。

　　【48題詳解】

　　考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了加強與年輕人的聯系，活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動，邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業人士進行36小時不間斷的直播。根據句意可知，此處表達“為了加強與年輕人的聯系”，需要用不定式作目的狀語。故填To strengthen。

　　【49題詳解】

　　考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了加強與年輕人的聯系，活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動，邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業人士進行36小時不間斷的直播。此處為非謂語動詞，邏輯主語the event與invite之間為主動關系，所以用現在分詞作狀語。故填inviting。

　　【50題詳解】

　　考查代詞。句意：在開幕式上，中國古茶博物館正式揭牌，開啟了它的第一個展覽：大道遺真——普洱茶專題展。名詞exhibition前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。

　　第四部分 寫作(共兩節，滿分35分)

　　第一節，短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)

　　51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改

　　增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

　　刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

　　修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

　　注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

　　2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

　　We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.

　　【答案】1. greatly→great

　　2. lives→live

　　3. 在because后加of

　　4. Whether →If 或Whether →When

　　5. they → you

　　6. cause→causing

　　7. 去掉have后的been

　　8. what→which

　　9. were→are

　　10. bicycle→bicycles

　　【解析】

　　【導語】這是一篇議論文。作者表述了騎自行車這項運動可以帶來的好處。

　　【詳解】1.考查形容詞。句意: 我們都知道騎自行車是一項很好的運動。需用形容詞作定語修飾名詞exercise。故將greatly改為great。

　　2.考查主謂一致。句意：醫生告訴我，壽命最長的人是舞蹈家和騎自行車的人。people是集合名詞，謂語動詞用復數。故將lives改為live。

　　3.考查介詞。句意：也許是因為新鮮空氣、流暢的運動和鍛煉的結合。because表示“因為”，后面接從句，短語because of表示“因為”，后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名詞短語。故在because后加of。

　　4.考查狀語從句連接詞。句意：當你騎自行車的時候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，該句闡述的是一個事實，需用if或when引導;位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故將Whether改為If或改為When。

　　5.考查代詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。根據前一句中的人稱you可知，這里假設“你”騎自行車，前后人稱應保持一致。故將they改為you。

　　6.考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。本句時態為現在進行時，連詞and連接兩個并列的現在分詞，構成進行時。故將cause改為causing。

　　7.考查語態。句意：看看汽車是如何占領我們的城市的。主語cars與動詞take over之間是主謂關系，應用主動語態。故去掉have后的been。

　　8.考查定語從句關系詞。句意：它們經常高速行駛，這可能會危及我們的生命。分析句子結構可知，逗號后是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的一句話，在從句中做主語，應用which 引導。故將what改為which。

　　9.考查時態。句意：還有交通堵塞。根據上下文時態可知，本句應用一般現在時。故將were改為are。

　　10.考查名詞。句意：如果用自行車代替汽車，我們的城市將變得更好。bicycle為可數名詞，由句中的cars和句意可知，此處應用復數形式。故將bicycle改為bicycles。

　　第二節 書面表達(滿分25分)

　　52. 學校英文報正在開展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調查結果寫一篇短文投稿，內容包括：

　　1. 學習活動狀況描述：

　　2. 簡單評論;

　　3. 你的建議。

　　注意：

　　1. 詞數100左右;

　　2. 短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。

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