2019年高考英語語法復習:虛擬語氣

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2019年高考英語語法復習：虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、懷疑、建議或與事實不符的假設，而不是客觀事實。虛擬語氣是以句子中謂語動詞的特殊形式表現出來的。

一、虛擬語氣謂語動詞的幾種表達形式

1. 在虛擬條件句中使用

虛擬條件句及其主句的謂語形式可總結如下：

例1：I would certainly go if I had the time.

例2：How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.

例3：She would have come if we had invited her.

注：如果條件從句包含were， had, should或者could，有時候可以省略if，但此時要把were， had, should或者could放在主語前面(這種結構在口語中較少使用)。例如：

1)Had we made (= If we had made ) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.

2)Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us.

3)Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

2. 用于含蓄條件句

在句子中，假設的情況不是用條件從句表示的，而是用介詞短語表示的，句子的謂語形式也可以遵循上表的規則。

這種用法也常見于or， or else, 在otherwise和but后面的分句中。例如：

1)Without music, the world would be a dull place.

2)But for your help, we would have failed.

3)She would have gone with us, but she didn’t have time.

4)He must have had an accident, or he would have been here then.

3.用于錯綜時間條件句

有時，條件從句表示的動作與主句表示的動作的時間不一致。此時，謂語動詞的形式應根據表示的時間進行調整，可稱為復雜的時間條件句。例如：

1)If you hadn’t watched television so late, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.（本句為時間交錯的虛擬條件句，從句表示與過去事實相反的假設，主句則與現狀相反）

2)If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.(從句表示與現在事實相反的假設，主句表示與過去事實相反的假設)

4.用于wish后的賓語從句中

這種句子主要表示愿望，通常被忽略。如果指現在或未來的愿望，從句使用過去；如果指過去沒有實現的愿望，從句使用過去。例如：

1)I wish I had learned to play chess.(與過去事實相反)

2)I wish I remembered his address.(與現實相反)

3)I wish he would try again.（對未來情況的假設）

若wish 在后來的賓語從句中使用would，可以表示請求，通常意味著說話人的不快或不滿。例如：

1)I wish you would help us.

2)I wish you would stop asking such silly questions.

5.用在if 在only感嘆句中

當它表達“希望”和“如果……”時，它的用法與wish基本相同，但它更情緒化，表達了一時難以實現的愿望。例如：

1)If only I knew what you wanted.

2)If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

6.用于as if (as though) 狀語從句中引出的方式狀語

當表達過去想象中的動作或情況時，用過去來完成；當表達與現在事實相反或懷疑現狀時，使用一般過去。例如：

1)The old couple loved the orphan girl as if she had been their daughter.

2)It seems as if it were spring.

7.用于某些虛擬定語從句

例1：He was the very person I should have been wished to see.

例2：It’s (high) time that we went to class.

8.用來表達說話人的主觀愿望或選擇，只用于一些常用句型的從句

例1：I’d rather they came tomorrow.

例2：He’d rather I went to Fuzhou by sea.

例3：I’d just as soon you didn’t watch television this evening.

但had rather, would rather, would just as soon, would 如果在簡單句中使用soner等慣用語，則使用不加to的動詞不定式。例如：

1)I’d rather die than give up my principle.

2)I’d just as soon (would sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest deals.

二、虛擬語氣用固定的情態動詞表示

1. should 動詞原型(有時省略should)

(1)用于advise等動詞， command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等后的賓語從句中。例如： 精品小說推薦： 昔日落魄少年被逐出家族，福禍相依得神秘老者相助，從此人生路上一片青雲！ 我行我瀟灑，彰顯我性格！ 彆罵小爺拽，媳婦多了用車載！ 妹紙一聲好歐巴，轉手就是摸摸大！ “不要嘛！” 完整內容請點擊辣手仙醫

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