2023年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(3-4)

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2023年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(3)

　　President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.

　　The most liberal wing of the President's party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.

　　The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the President’s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending.

　　Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it withermanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence tore invest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.

　　So the crux is the technology and that is where the President’s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economicretructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance.

　　1. The focus of the President's program is on

　　[A] investment.

　　[B] economy.

　　[C] technology.

　　[D] tax.

　　2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?

　　[A] They want a more direct action.

　　[B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation.

　　[C] They want to rebuild industry.

　　[D] They want a wall of protective tariffs.

　　3. What is the editor's attitude?

　　[A] support.

　　[B] distaste.

　　[C] Disapproval.

　　[D] Compromise.

　　4. The danger to the plan lies in

　　[A] the two parties' objection.

　　[B] different idea of the two parties about the plan.

　　[C] its passage.

　　[D] distortion.

　　5. The passage is

　　[A] a review.

　　[B] a preface.

　　[C] a advertisement.

　　[D] an editorial.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. reverse 逆轉

　　2. slide 滑坡

　　3. plague 瘟疫;折磨，困擾

　　4. tariff 關稅

　　5. decry 譴責，詆毀

　　6. lever 杠桿;用杠桿撬動

　　7. crux 癥結

　　8. ideologue 空想家，思想家

　　9. intact 原封不動的，完整無損的

　　10. investment credit 投資信貸

　　11. research grant 研究基金

　　難句譯注

　　1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.

　　【參考譯文】

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　這是一則有關總統向國會提交的經濟計劃評論。作者采用對比手法來突出其計劃之正確性，第一段就講了計劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經濟滑坡，提高美國工業競爭力。

　　第二、三兩段敘述了計劃遭兩方面的反對，總統黨內的右翼要求更強硬，更直接的行動，而共和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點稅收都予以譴責。

　　第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經濟問題的獨特性質。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術的人大量增產，而不能采用新技術的人面臨在世界經濟中成為二等公民的危險。工業不能達到先進水平，就不能有效地競爭，那么任何保護主義或進入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術優勢的經驗和利潤的再投資，工業經濟只能依然落后于外國競爭對手。

　　最后一段點出總統計劃的要點就是工藝技術。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設計劃。如果我們不能重建經濟，我們可能不會有第二次機會。

　　答案詳解

　　1. C 工藝技術。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結就在于工藝技術，這就是總統計劃的要點所在。”第四段：“對掌握新技術的人來說，新技術使他們大大增產，而新技術對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經濟中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點，那么任何政府保護主義，進入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術優勢的利潤和經驗再投資，工業只能進一步落后于國外競爭對手。”這些都說明總統計劃的重點再工藝技術。A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統計劃的涉及面。B.經濟。太籠統了。

　　2. A 更直接行動。第二段“總統的黨內幾段自由翼要求更強硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入(稅收)政策來制止通貨膨脹;聯邦財政在關稅保護下，幫助重建工業。”B.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業。D.保護關稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內容，不完整。

　　3. A支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點，支持的理由和論點。B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調和妥協。

　　4. D歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點蒙塵模糊不清，經濟重建計劃應原封不動地通過。”這是作者的態度，也是他所擔心之處。A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。C.它的通過。

　　5. D 社論。A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關國內外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣告。

2023年英語六級閱讀理解試題庫及答案(4)

　　Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world's environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.

　　Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.

　　The Trans antarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the "east" of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. "West" of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.

　　While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious "dry valley"of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges,rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.

　　Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.

　　1. What is the best title for this passage?

　　[A] Antarctica and environmental Problems.

　　[B] Antarctica: Earth's Early-Warning station.

　　[C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.

　　[D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.

　　2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?

　　[A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared.

　　[B] The western part of the continent would be reduced.

　　[C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.

　　[D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.

　　3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?

　　[A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away.

　　[B] It rarely snows.

　　[C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.

　　[D] Sand dunes.

　　4. Which of the following is true?

　　[A] The "Dry Valleys" have nothing left inside.

　　[B] The "Dry Valleys" never held glaciers.

　　[C] The "Dry Valleys" may carry a message of hope for the verdant.

　　[D] The " Dry Valleys" are useless to scientists.

　　Vocabulary

　　1. distant-early-warning sensor 遠距離早期報警傳感器

　　2. plateau 高原，高地

　　3. slash 揮砍

　　4. blast 一陣疾風/狂風

　　5. vicious 邪惡的，兇魔般的

　　6. gorge 峽谷

　　7. ripple 起伏，使起微波

　　8. sand dune 沙丘

　　9. verdant 綠色

　　10. extraterrestrial 地球之外的

　　11. aura 氣氛

　　難句譯注

　　1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.

　　【結構簡析】see … as 把……看作。Where定從修飾Antarctic。

　　【參考譯文】因此，越來越多的科學家把南極洲視為一個遠距離早期報警敏感器，在那里地球許多潛在的危險動向早在它們出現于北方以前就能發現。

　　2. The part of the continent to the "east" of the mountain

　　東指的使印度正南的這一部分。或山移動的那部分洲。

　　3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation

　　應譯為：與地球格格不入的一種荒涼隔絕的氣氛。或與世隔絕的一種荒涼氣氛。

　　寫作方法與文章大意

　　這是一篇有關南極洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，點面結合寫法。首先提出：由于南極洲遠離污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在著復雜的地質和生態環境，所以這塊地方就可能得到更敏銳又易解釋的科學測量結果。它成了監察世界環境變化的觀察哨和空間站，后面幾段就寫了進行考察的方面和結果。

　　答案詳解

　　1. A 南極洲和環境問題。B. 南極洲：地球最早的報警戰。C.南極洲：獨一無二的觀察哨。D. 南極洲：神秘的地方。三項都是總內容眾的組成部分。

　　2. D 大陸西部成為一群島嶼。第三段“橫斷南極的山脈，有的高達一萬四千多英尺，把這大陸分成情況各異的兩個地區。山脈以東的大陸部分是由差不多兩英里厚的冰層覆蓋的高原;山脈以西，即美洲以南的半個大陸也為冰層所覆蓋。可是，這里冰層覆蓋在大大低于海平面的巖石。如果西南極洲冰層消失，那這大陸西部將成為稀疏的島群。”A. 大陸西部將小時。B. 大陸西部縮小。 D. 大陸西部將成為分散的島嶼。

　　3. C 因為地球變暖和狂風勁吹。在第四段：“……這些干谷甚至在寒冬季節也很少有冰雪。它們插在南維多利亞陸地的山脈中，一度曾有從極地高原到羅斯海的深度為9000英尺的冰河。現在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一萬年間地球變暖的結果。即使落入干谷的雪也被從極地高原咆哮入海的邪惡狂風吹散了。留下來的是裸露的壯觀的峽谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被時速一百英里的大風雕刻成奇形怪狀的大礫石，形成與世隔絕的荒涼景象。”A. 邪惡的狂風吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。這三項只是干谷現象的一部分。

　　4. C 他們可能為地球上綠色地區帶來了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“盡管干谷具有神秘的一面，科學家卻相信他們可能為地球上蔥綠的地方帶來了希望的信息。”A.干谷內什么都沒有留下。B. 干谷內從沒有冰河。D. 按照科學家的看法，干谷毫無用處。

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