2023年北京高考英語真題及答案(清晰版)

The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.

Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(決定不參加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.

63.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.

A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend

B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention

C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons

D.information about measles spreads quickly

64.Herd immunity works well when ____________.

A.exemptions are allowed

B.several vaccines are used together

C.the whole neighborhood is involved in

D.new regulations are added to the state laws

65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?

A.The overuse of vaccine.

B.The lack of medical care.

C.The features of measles itself.

D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.

66.What is the purpose of the passage?

A.To introduce the idea of exemption.

B.To discuss methods to cure measles.

C.To stress the importance of vaccination.

D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

D

Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪惡) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制論), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干預), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”

A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子誘導) nuclear chain reaction.

67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .

A. run out of human control

B. satisfy human’s real desires

C. command armies of killer robots

D. work faster than a mathematician

68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .

A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

B achieve their original goals independently 精品小說推薦： 昔日落魄少年被逐出家族，福禍相依得神秘老者相助，從此人生路上一片青雲！ 我行我瀟灑，彰顯我性格！ 彆罵小爺拽，媳婦多了用車載！ 妹紙一聲好歐巴，轉手就是摸摸大！ “不要嘛！” 完整內容請點擊辣手仙醫

Tags：北京高考英語真題及答案   北京高考英語試卷及答案   高考英語試題