高考英語語法復習與實踐(5)倒裝結構

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(5)倒裝結構

倒裝是指句子的成分不是按照主語在前，謂語在后的正常語序排列的，而是將謂語或謂語的一部分移到主語之前。倒裝是一種修辭手段，目的是強調。倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝，考試多為部分倒裝。考生應該掌握在什么情況下需要倒裝，能夠識別倒裝后的句子，避免做題時的盲目和迷茫。

一． 使用所有倒裝的情況
所有倒裝通常存在于以下副詞開頭的句子中。所有倒裝的方法都是逆轉句子的主謂語序列，將謂語移到主語前面:
1)出于修辭需要，表示方向的副詞:out, down, in ,up, away, on。如：
Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him.
Up went the plane
2)習慣用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then.如：
Now is your turn. There goes the bell.
Here is a ticket for you
There existed a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of work
注意：here，當there用于倒裝結構時，主語通常是名詞，如果是人稱代詞，則不需要倒裝
“ where is the cup？” “Here it is！”
Here you are.
There he comes.
3)有時主語比較長，為了平衡句子，避免頭重腳輕，主謂全部倒裝。這種情況主要發生在主系表結構中。例如:
Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.
In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness.

二． 采用部分倒裝情況
部分倒裝一般是把句子謂語的一部分(主要是助動詞或系動詞)放在句子主語前，構成部分倒裝，而全部倒裝則把句子謂語(包括實義動詞)放在主語前面
1．當以下否定詞和含有否定意義的短語修飾狀語時，如果放在句頭，句子的主謂部分就會倒裝，：
never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in vain, still less。如：
Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.
Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.
(1985年考研題)
注：1）如果謂語動詞是單個實義動詞，則需要根據人稱和時態添加動詞do。例如：
Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly.
(1983年考研題)
2)考生要廣義理解“句首”要注意從句的句首和并列分句的句首都是句首。例如：
Suddenly, Gallup’s name was on everyone’s lips; not only was he the prophet of the moment, but it was generally believed that he had founded a new and most important method of prediction.
2．以only修飾狀語(副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句)開頭的句子，句子的主謂部分要倒裝:
only then, only at that time, only once, only in this way, only with, only through, only by, only when, only after, only because。如：
Only when you have obtained sufficient data come to a sound conclusion.
[A]can you [B]would you [C]you will [D]you can
3．以下副詞或短語開頭的句子，句子的主謂部分倒裝：
often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, many a time。如：
So involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
[A]became the children [B]become the children
[C]had the children become [D]do the children become
(2001年考研題，答案為D)
4．比較從句的倒裝：
as, 在than引導的比較從句中，如果主語是名詞短語且較長，則經常采用倒裝結構(不倒裝也可以)。注:這種結構主語一般是名詞，如果是代詞就不倒裝。例如:
Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce.
Today’s electuic cars cannot go as fast as gasoline-driven vehicles because the battery does not offer the same amount of energy as does gasoline combustion.
Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.
5．上述情況也適用于對方(物)的肯定句或否定句中的倒裝
1） 必須重復倒裝:so
They have got up, and so has jack
2) 否定重復倒裝用:nor, neither, no more
If you don’t agree to our plan, neither will they
6．“not only..but also”在結構上，如果不是 only 如果你把它放在句頭，那么前半句的but (also)句子后面不倒裝 精品小說推薦： 昔日落魄少年被逐出家族，福禍相依得神秘老者相助，從此人生路上一片青雲！ 我行我瀟灑，彰顯我性格！ 彆罵小爺拽，媳婦多了用車載！ 妹紙一聲好歐巴，轉手就是摸摸大！ “不要嘛！” 完整內容請點擊辣手仙醫

Tags：倒裝   句子   主謂