中考英語語法:09年中考英語單詞分類復習策略4

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09年中考英語單詞分類復習策略4

四、 形容詞、副詞?

(一) 知識概要?

形容詞的用法很活躍,在英語中用處也很多,但英語中修飾可數名詞和不可數名詞的修飾語和詞組有時不同,要特別加以注意。下面將初中學習階段中遇到的修飾可數名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下:many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數名詞的詞或詞組如下:much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, a lot of, plenty of。?其中some, no, a lot of, plenty of既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞。?英語中形容詞與副詞有原級、比較級、最高級之分,其規則如下:?

構詞法 原 級 比較級 最高級 加er,或est Tall

young taller?

younger

tallest

youngest

只加r或st nice?

large

nicer

larger

nicest?

largest

重讀閉音節末尾只有一個輔音 字母時雙寫該字母加er、est big?

fat?

hot

bigger

fatter

hotter

biggest?

fattest

hottest

不規則變化的形容詞或副詞:?

原 級 比較級 最高級

good better best

Well better best

bad worse worst

badly worse worst

many more most

most more most

little less lest

far farther

further

farthest

furthest

old older?

elder

oldest?

eldest

要注意的是許多形容詞同時又是副詞,如:back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow等。而有些形容詞則要經過一定變化才能轉為副詞,其規律如下:?

構詞法 形容詞 副 詞

一般加ly Careful

kind

carefully

kindly

尾是y時將y變成i加ly Happy

busy

easy

Happily

busily

easily

其 他 true

terrible

full

possible

shy

whole

truly

terribly

fully

possibly

shyly

wholly

在學習過程中要注意其變化。?

此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾比較級和最高級形容詞。能修飾比較級的有:much, yet, far, still, a great deal, even 和a little. 能修飾最高級的有:the very, much the, far等。?

(二) 正誤辨析?

[誤] The young likes playing football very much.?

[正] The young like playing football very much.?

[析] 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人,應作復數看待。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時則要看作單數,如:The beautiful is not always kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。?

[誤] The danger has gone, so the worst are over.?

[正] The danger has gone, so the worst is over.?

[析] 意為:"危險已經過去,最困難的狀況已結束。"用定冠詞加最高級形容詞作主語時應看作單數形式。?

[誤] It is the gold age of the young.?

[正] It is the golden age of the young.?

[析] golden在英語中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金發,gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表達金質的,如:a gold bar金條,a gold coin金幣,但gold fish 金魚例外。

[誤] She is a warm heart woman.?

[正] She is a warm?hearted woman.?

[析] 英語形容詞的構詞法很多,其中之一是由形容詞,或數詞,加名詞加ed構成,如:?warm?hoarted 熱心腸的,white?haired 白毛的?

[誤] There is an alive fish in the pool.?

[正] There is a living fish in the pool.?

[析] 在初中范圍內所學到的以a字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語,只能作表語。如:The fish is alive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有:alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake等。?

[誤] The ill man nearly died.?

[正] The sick man nearly died.?

[析] ill一般不作定語來形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表語時則都可以。如:He is ill sick, ill作定語時則另有他意,如:ill luck (厄運),ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)?

[誤] I have important something to tell you.?

[正] I have something important to tell you.?

[析] 不定代詞something, anyone, somebody…在用形容詞修飾時,形容詞應放其后。但要注意thing則不是不定代詞,不符合上述規律。如:I have an important thing to tell you.?

[誤] I'll be free on next Sunday.?

[正] I'll be free next Sunday.?

[析] 在表達將來時的時候:next Sunday, next week, next year或last Sunday last week, last year前都不加介詞。?

[誤] The girl is two?year old.?

[正] The girl is two years old.?

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Tags：形容詞   副詞   比較級